There is great interest for better means of exploring ground properties ahead of potential gold deposits and radar exploration is an interesting option. In this way, the exploration procedures must be updated. It has been noted by several gold prospectors that traditional geophysical exploration methods such as gravity, magnetic, resistivity, polarization and electromagnetic procedures have been used and the information obtained was good. Nevertheless, all the traditional methods suffer from poor target resolution relative to range due to they depend upon minor distortions of potential force field. Better ranges of resolution can be obtained by using radiation as the exploring agent or gold prospector.
Basically, propagation time delays can be considered to measure accurately and to separate the small effect of a distant target from the much larger effects of nearer targets and of the transmitter. It is important to indicate that the types of radiation capable of significative penetration through rock mass, neutrinos, cosmic rays, seismic waves and electromagnetic waves. Probably, neutrinos and cosmic rays are not easily controlled and technology for their application to explore gold deposits must be implemented. The third type, seismic wave ha s been used with great success in exploration for gold deposits, porphyry copper deposits and Polymetallic deposits. The last type has been used for detection and location through the air and location through the air, and has also explored through cold places.
The presence of water and soil tend to produce interferences due to their electrical conductivity. It is important to indicate that below the soil many rocks are somewhat radar transparent and that electromagnetic waves can be employed for exploring such rocks, once a quarry, a mine, a borehole or other means of access has been opened. Essentially, electromagnetic waves are reflected by any boundary where they encounter a pronounced change in electrical properties. For example, in rocks, the typical reason of such change is a difference in moisture content. For this reason, radar waves passing through tight dry country rock are reflected by a fault filled with gouge clay or with wet broken rock. In this way, free gold particles act as reflectors and interface with air, as an adjacent mine. Considering the fact that rock properties have influence on the propagation and reflection of radar waves are different from those governing seismic waves.
Essentially, long wave short pulse radar are capable of exploring to distances of several meters through massive, dry rock. Exploration distances of 10 to 30 meters through rock masses have indicated the presence of mineralized zones with important contents of gold.